There are a number of knowledge and research gaps within the field of microplastics. Further research is needed on the below topics, which will better inform future policy making.

• Short & long term individual, population and community level health effects due to microplastic and associated toxin exposure (inhalation+ingestion).
• What levels are ‘safe’ for drinking water, food, etc?
• What are effective techniques for capturing microplastic from indoor and outdoor air?
• How can microplastics be effectively removed from sewage sludge?  In situ removal or before it reaches WWT?
• What are the various mechanisms for retrofitting waste water treatment (WWT) plant facilities for collecting microplastics?
• What is the best mechanism to prevent clothing and textile microplastics from entering the environment?
• Are clothing dryers a significant source of microfiber pollution?  If so, how is this best prevented?